Kalemegdan III

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Image Title: Kalemegdan III

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By: biljana mitrovic
Copyright ©2007

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Photographer	biljana mitrovic {Karma:48110}
Project	#55 Peace & Tranquility	Camera Model	olympus miu
Categories	Architecture Historical	Film Format
Portfolio		Lens	olympus
Uploaded	3/30/2007	Film / Memory Type	digital
		ISO / Film Speed
Views	495	Shutter
Favorites	0	Aperture	f/
Critiques	24	Rating	6.40 / 5 Ratings
Location	City - BEOGRAD State - Country - Serbia
About	Kalemegdan is the core and the oldest section of the urban area of Belgrade and for centuries the city population was concentrated only within the walls of the fortress, thus the history of the fortress, until most recent history, equals the history of Belgrade itself (see: Timeline of Belgrade history). First settlement was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Celtic tribe of Scordisci. The city-fortress was later conquered by the Romans, became known as Singidunum and became a part of "the military frontier", where the Roman Empire bordered "barbaric Central Europe". Singidunum was defended by the Roman legion IV Flaviae which built a fortified camp on a hill at the confluence of the rivers the Danube and the Sava. In the period between AD 378 and 441 the Roman camp was being repeatedly destroyed in the invasions by the Goths and the Huns. The legend says that Attila's grave lies on the confluence of the Sava and the Danube (under the Fortress). In 476 Belgrade again became the borderline between the empires: Western Roman Empire and Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire), and the Slav- Avar State in the North. The Byzantine Emperor Justinian I rebuilt the Fortress around 535. In the following centuries a fortress suffered continuous destruction under the Avar sieges. The Slavs (Serbs) and Avars had their "state union" north of Belgrade with the Serbs and other Slavic tribes finally settling in the region of Belgrade as well as the regions west and south of Belgrade in the beginning of the 7th century. The name Belgrade (or Beograd, in Serbian), which, not just in Serbian but in most Slavic languages means a "white town" or a "white fortress", was first mentioned in AD 878. The Fortress kept changing its masters: Hungary, Bulgaria, and then again the Byzantines. The fortress remained a Byzantine stronghold until the 12th century when it fell in the hands of a newly emerging Serbian state. It became a border city of the Serbian Kingdom, later Empire, with Hungary. The Hungarian king Béla I gave the fortress to Serbia in 11th century as a wedding gift (his son married Serbian princess Jelena), but it remained effectively part of Hungary, except for the period 1282-1319. After the Serbian state collapsed after the Battle of Kosovo, Belgrade was chosen in 1404 as the capital of the principality of Despot Stefan Lazarević. Major work was done to the ramparts which were encircling a big thriving town. The lower town at the banks of the Danube was the main urban center with a new build Orthodox cathedral. The upper town with its castle was defending the city from inland. Belgrade remained in Serbian hands for almost a century. After the Despots death in 1427 it had to be returned to Hungary. An attempt of Sultan Mehmed II to conquer the fortress was prevented by Janos Hunyadi in 1456 (Siege of Belgrade). It saved Hungary from an Ottoman invasion for 70 years. In 1521, 132 years after the Battle of Kosovo, the fortress, like most parts of the Serbian state, was conquered by the Turks and remained (with short periods of the Austrian and Serbian occupation), under the rule of the Ottoman Empire until the year 1867 when the Turks withdrew from Belgrade and Serbia. During the period of short Austrian rule (1718-1738) the fortress was largely rebuilt and modernized. It witnessed two Serbian Uprisings in the 19th century, the Great Serbian Migration in the 17th century, the Dark Ages of the Turkish Period. The fortress suffered further damages during the First and the Second world wars. After almost two millennia of continuous sieges, battles and conquests the fortress is today known as the Kalemegdan fortress. The name Kalemegdan derives from two Turkish words, kale (fortress) and megdan (battleground) (literally, "battlefield fortress").

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There are 24 Comments in 1 Pages
1

biljana mitrovic {K:48110} 4/4/2007

Grazie roby...
Sono molto contenta per piacerti la mia serie di Kalemegdan:)
un abbraccio
biljana

roberto canepa {K:7382} 4/3/2007

very nice series! i can touch your love for your country!
like this one very much: great point of view and processing.
brava.
roby

biljana mitrovic {K:48110} 4/3/2007

Thank yoyu,Andra!I'm very,very glad you like picture and about
hugs dear friend
Biljana

biljana mitrovic {K:48110} 4/3/2007

Thank you Joe.I'm very honored by your comment:)
I'm glad you like my about,and history of my country
hugs
Biljana

Andre Denis {K:66407} 4/2/2007

You did a nice job on this series of Kalemegdan Biljana.
It is always a good idea to attach an interesting about to an image like this one.
Andre

Joe Brown {K:23213} 4/1/2007

Very dramatic shot of the fortress Biljana. The larger panoramic is impressive. The perspective and composition of the image is very effective. The detailed story of the history of the area is very interesting. I appreciate it when people provide background information on their images. Thanks for posting.

Best regards,
Joe

biljana mitrovic {K:48110} 4/1/2007

WOW!!!Dear Dave I'm very honored by your words:)
Hugs
Biljana

Dave Stacey

{K:150877} 4/1/2007

Excellent composition and a dramatic perspective Biljana! You're very interesting "about" completes a very well done presentation.
Dave.

biljana mitrovic {K:48110} 3/31/2007

Thank you my friend,I'm very glad you like my little"history lesson"
hugs
Biljana

1301307 60 {K:44058} 3/31/2007

very nice fortress, I like the lighting and the terrain on the foreground... great story on the about.. regards..

biljana mitrovic {K:48110} 3/31/2007

Hvala Vesna:)))))
Pozdrav
Biljana

biljana mitrovic {K:48110} 3/31/2007

Thank you Manuel.....I'm very honored by your words!
I'm glad you like my "history lesson"...i think it's very important to never forget our descent...who we are and from where we come:)
It's my oppinion...I hope you agree with me!
I'm very sorry to hear that the historical
places of Armenia are distroyed;(Sad,very sad...
Big hug my friend and see you
Biljana

Vesna Radakovic {K:1572} 3/30/2007

Wau, super!!!
Veliko 7+++++++!
Pozdrav,
Vesna

biljana mitrovic {K:48110} 3/30/2007

Grazie Gennaro,sei molto gentile come sempre:)
A presto amico
Biljana

biljana mitrovic {K:48110} 3/30/2007

Thank you my dear Srna for your magnificent words:)
Hugs
Biljana

Manuel Bedoyan {K:9098} 3/30/2007

Beautiful capture and About biljana! I like learning about such historic places. And i'm happy to read and Hear that Austrians renewed the fortress; unlike so many of Armenian cities and castles and churches which were destroyed by turks and are still being destroyed and we wont even have a chance to visit and enjoy them. Super nice work. Congrats
my best
Manuel

Gennaro Manna {K:21301} 3/30/2007

Wonderful photograph of this very beautiful Architecture work, great exposure , great composition , details and so colorful..
Wishing you all of the best my friend
gennaro

biljana mitrovic {K:48110} 3/30/2007

Thank you dear Nessa:)Your comments are always very welcome
hugs
Biljana
PS big kiss for little april

biljana mitrovic {K:48110} 3/30/2007

Oh, my dear Onie:)thank you from all my heart:)
I'm so happy you like the history of this place ..and understand so well my "unfortunate"country witch always standing on the cross of the "BIG FORCES"
big hug my dear friend
Biljana

vanessa shakesheff

{K:68840} 3/30/2007

Interesting about ..like the angle of the fortress..good colour and detail ..nessa

biljana mitrovic {K:48110} 3/30/2007

Thank you my dear friend!!!!!
You are very kind like always:)
warmest regards
Biljana

Leonie Fitzpatrick {K:40551} 3/30/2007

Biljana...:))) That is a marvelous history to read... Certainly puts into perspective the many conflicts this fortress has survived through...:)))

Also gives a better understanding of your countries trials and tribulations...:))

Excellent work Biljana...:)))

Onie...

Jose Ignacio (Nacho) Garcia Barcia {K:96391} 3/30/2007

great compsoition. marvelous tones. outstanding. 7++++++++++++++++++++

Srna Stankovic

{K:172232} 3/30/2007

Beautiful saturation my dear, so effective and interesting point of view, you made with it a real dramatic feeling about Kalemegdan and that is the point !!! Kalemegdan is worth for that kind of thinking and presenting !!!
Excellent done. Bravo Biksi !!!!
7 +++
ps: I accept your invitation to have a nice cup of coffe sorounded with this sense of peace and tranquility !!!

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